Englisch ist eine der einfachsten Sprachen der Welt. Das ist der Grund, warum zahlreiche Menschen der Welt die englische Sprache sprechen. Ha! Wer hat denn das erträumt? Keine Sprache ist einfach, besonders wenn man aus einer total anderssprachigen Gegend der Welt kommt, deren Sprache in ihrer Struktur und ihrem Gebrauch unverwandt mit der Englischen ist.
Es ist bekannt, dass die nordeuropäischen Sprachen (dazu gehört natürlich auch die englische sowie die skandinavischen) einen Großteil (alt-)germanischer Sprachenelemente enthalten. Schon aus diesem Grund sollten sie jedoch leichter für Deutsche zu erlernen sein als z.B. eine der auf Latein basierten Sprachen.
Holländisch und Englisch z.B. sind für Norddeutsche ziemlich leicht zu erlernen. Ein Hintergrund von Kenntnissen der plattdeutschen Sprache hilft jedenfalls erheblich, Holländisch zu lernen. Aber für Süddeutsche präsentiert die englische Sprache (besonders in der Aussprache) einige Probleme, deren Gründe man in der Phonetik und Phonologie der deutschen Sprache sowie in ihren Varianten finden könnte, aber das würde den Sinn dieses Beitrages ueberschreiten.
Und wer z.B. die Grundlagen der lateinischen Sprache in der Schule gelernt hat, wird auch wenig Probleme haben, eine der auf Latein basierten Sprachen (Spanisch, Portugiesisch, Italienisch) zu lernen.
Das Erlernen einer Sprache fängt meistens mit der Assimilation einer größeren Anzahl von Worten an, die man erlernen muss. Aber selbst die Kenntnis von Hunderten von Worten ermöglicht zwar ein Verständnis zwischen zwei Menschen, aber noch lange nicht eine sinnvolle Unterhaltung in dieser Sprache.
Zusätzlich ist die englische Ortografie angereichert mit zahlreichen homonymen Worten, welche zwar gleich ausgesprochen werden, aber nicht nur eine, sondern mehrere Bedeutungen haben (z.B. to, too und two).
Dazu kommen die homophonen Worte, welche die gleiche Aussprache haben, jedoch verschieden geschrieben werden und ebenso verschiedene Bedeutungen haben (z.B. new und knew).
Nicht vergessen darf man auch die homografen Worte, welche gleich geschrieben aber verschieden ausgesprochen werden (z.B. I bow to you; I tied the bow).
Wenn du jedes Wort in dem folgenden “Gedicht” korrekt aussprechen kannst, sprichst du besser Englisch als 90% der Englischsprecher in der Welt. Fuer mich ist es eines der brilliantesten , für die Allgemeinheit verstandliches Werk eines Sprachengenies. Es enthält etwa 800 englische Worte mit irregulärer Buchstabierung und Aussprache.
Das folgende Gedicht “The Chaos” wurde in 1920 von dem Holländer Dr. Gerard Nolst Trenité verfasst. Geboren in 1870, studierte er die Klassk, dann Politische Wissenschaften an der Universität von Utrecht. In der Zeit von 1894
war er Privatlehrer in Kalifornien, u.a. für die Söhne des holländischen Generalkonsuls. In den Jahren von 1901 bis 1980 war er Schullehrer in Haarlem, New York City, schrieb mehrere Schulbücher in Englisch und Französisch, sowie ein Buch über die holländische Verfassung. Von 1909 bis zu seinem Tod in 1946 schrieb er eine wöchentliche linguistische Spalte in einer Zeitung in Amsterdam, unter dem Pseudonym “Charivarius”.
THE CHAOS
by Dr. Gerard Nolst Trenité
(Netherlands, 1870-1946)
Dearest creature in creation
Studying English pronunciation,
I will teach you in my verse
Sounds like corpse, corps, horse and worse.
I will keep you, Susy, busy, Make your head with heat grow dizzy;
Tear in eye, your dress you’ll tear; Queer, fair seer, hear my prayer.
Pray, console your loving poet, Make my coat look new, dear, sew it!
Just compare heart, hear and heard, Dies and diet, lord and word.
Sword and sward, retain and Britain (Mind the latter how it’s written).
Made has not the sound of bade, Say-said, pay-paid, laid but plaid.
Now I surely will not plague you With such words as vague and ague,
But be careful how you speak, Say: gush, bush, steak, streak, break, bleak,
Previous, precious, fuchsia, via Recipe, pipe, studding-sail, choir;
Woven, oven, how and low, Script, receipt, shoe, poem, toe.
Say, expecting fraud and trickery: Daughter, laughter and Terpsichore,
Branch, ranch, measles, topsails, aisles, Missiles, similes, reviles.
Wholly, holly, signal, signing, Same, examining, but mining,
Scholar, vicar, and cigar, Solar, mica, war and far.
From “desire”: desirable-admirable from “admire”, Lumber, plumber,
Bier, but brier, Topsham, brougham, renown, but known,
Knowledge, done, lone, gone, none, tone, One, anemone, Balmoral.
Kitchen, lichen, laundry, laurel. Gertrude, German, wind and wind,
Beau, kind, kindred, queue, mankind, Tortoise, turquoise, chamois-leather,
Reading, Reading, heathen, heather. This phonetic labyrinth Gives moss,
Gross, brook, brooch, ninth, plinth.
Have you ever yet endeavoured To pronounce revered and severed,
Demon, lemon, ghoul, foul, soul, Peter, petrol and patrol?
Billet does not end like ballet; Bouquet, wallet, mallet, chalet.
Blood and flood are not like food, Nor is mould like should and would.
Banquet is not nearly parquet, Which exactly rhymes with khaki.
Discount, viscount, load and broad, Toward, to forward, to reward,
Ricocheted and crocheting, croquet? Right! Your pronunciation’s OK.
Rounded, wounded, grieve and sieve, Friend and fiend, alive and live.
Is your r correct in higher? Keats asserts it rhymes Thalia.
Hugh, but hug, and hood, but hoot, Buoyant, minute, but minute.
Say abscission with precision, Now: position and transition;
Would it tally with my rhyme If I mentioned paradigm?
Twopence, threepence, tease are easy, But cease, crease, grease and greasy?
Cornice, nice, valise, revise, Rabies, but lullabies.
Of such puzzling words as nauseous, Rhyming well with cautious, tortious,
You’ll envelop lists, I hope, In a linen envelope.
Would you like some more? You’ll have it! Affidavit, David, davit.
To abjure, to perjure. Sheik Does not sound like Czech but ache.
Liberty, library, heave and heaven, Rachel, loch, moustache, eleven.
We say hallowed, but allowed, People, leopard, towed but vowed.
Mark the difference, moreover, Between mover, plover, Dover. Leeches,
Breeches, wise, precise, Chalice, but police and lice, Camel, constable,
Unstable, Principle, disciple, label. Petal, penal, and canal,
Wait, surmise, plait, promise, pal, suit, suite, ruin. Circuit,
Conduit Rhyme with “shirk it” and “beyond it”,
But it is not hard to tell Why it’s pall, mall, but Pall Mall.
Muscle, muscular, gaol, iron, Timber, climber, bullion, lion,
Worm and storm, chaise, chaos, chair, Senator, spectator, mayor,
Ivy, privy, famous; clamour Has the a of drachm and hammer.
Pussy, hussy and possess, Desert, but desert, address.
Golf, wolf, countenance, lieutenants Hoist in lieu of flags left pennants.
Courier, courtier, tomb, bomb, comb, Cow, but Cowper, some and home.
“Solder, soldier! Blood is thicker”, Quoth he, “than liqueur or liquor”,
Making, it is sad but true, In bravado, much ado. Stranger does not rhyme
With anger, Neither does devour with clangour. Pilot, pivot, gaunt,
But aunt, Font, front, wont, want, grand and grant.
Arsenic, specific, scenic, Relic, rhetoric, hygienic.
Gooseberry, goose, and close, but close, Paradise, rise, rose, and dose.
Say inveigh, neigh, but inveigle, Make the latter rhyme with eagle.
Mind! Meandering but mean, Valentine and magazine.
And I bet you, dear, a penny, You say mani-(fold) like many, Which is wrong.
Say rapier, pier, Tier (one who ties), but tier.
Arch, archangel; pray, does erring Rhyme with herring or with stirring?
Prison, bison, treasure trove, Treason, hover, cover, cove,
Perseverance, severance. Ribald Rhymes (but piebald doesn’t) with nibbled.
Phaeton, paean, gnat, ghat, gnaw, Lien, psychic, shone, bone, pshaw.
Don’t be down, my own, but rough it, And distinguish buffet, buffet;
Brood, stood, roof, rook, school, wool, boon, Worcester, Boleyn, to impugn.
Say in sounds correct and sterling Hearse, hear, hearken, year and yearling.
Evil, devil, mezzotint, Mind the z! (A gentle hint.)
Now you need not pay attention To such sounds as I don’t mention,
Sounds like pores, pause, pours and paws, Rhyming with the pronoun yours;
Nor are proper names included, Though I often heard, as you did,
Funny rhymes to unicorn, Yes, you know them, Vaughan and Strachan.
No, my maiden, coy and comely, I don’t want to speak of Cholmondeley.
No. Yet Froude compared with proud Is no better than McLeod.
But mind trivial and vial, Tripod, menial, denial, Troll and trolley,
realm and ream, Schedule, mischief, schism, and scheme.
Argil, gill, Argyll, gill. Surely May be made to rhyme with Raleigh,
But you’re not supposed to say Piquet rhymes with sobriquet.
Had this invalid invalid Worthless documents? How pallid, How uncouth he,
Couchant, looked, When for Portsmouth I had booked!
Zeus, Thebes, Thales, Aphrodite, Paramour, enamoured, flighty, Episodes,
Antipodes, Acquiesce, and obsequies. Please don’t monkey with the geyser,
Don’t peel ‘taters with my razor, Rather say in accents pure:
Nature, stature and mature. Pious, impious, limb, climb, glumly,
Worsted, worsted, crumbly, dumbly, Conquer, conquest, vase, phase, fan,
Wan, sedan and artisan.
The th will surely trouble you More than r, ch or w.
Say then these phonetic gems: Thomas, thyme, Theresa, Thames.
Thompson, Chatham, Waltham, Streatham, There are more but I forget ’em-
Wait! I’ve got it: Anthony, Lighten your anxiety.
The archaic word albeit Does not rhyme with eight-you see it;
With and forthwith, one has voice, One has not, you make your choice.
Shoes, goes, does *. Now first say: finger; Then say: singer, ginger, linger.
Real, zeal, mauve, gauze and gauge, Marriage, foliage, mirage, age.
Hero, heron, query, very, Parry, tarry fury, bury, Dost, lost, post, and
Doth, cloth, loth, Job, Job, blossom, bosom, oath. Faugh, oppugnant,
Keen oppugners, Bowing, bowing, banjo-tuners Holm you know, but noes, canoes,
Puisne, truism, use, to use?
Though the difference seems little, We say actual, but victual, Seat, sweat,
Chaste, caste, Leigh, eight, height, Put, nut, granite, and unite.
Reefer does not rhyme with deafer, Feoffer does, and zephyr, heifer.
Dull, bull, Geoffrey, George, ate, late, Hint, pint, senate, but sedate.
Gaelic, Arabic, pacific, Science, conscience, scientific;
Tour, but our, dour, succour, four, Gas, alas, and Arkansas.
Say manoeuvre, yacht and vomit, Next omit, which differs from it Bona fide,
Alibi Gyrate, dowry and awry. Sea, idea, guinea, area, Psalm, Maria, but malaria.
Youth, south, southern, cleanse and clean, Doctrine, turpentine, marine.
Compare alien with Italian, Dandelion with battalion,
Rally with ally; yea, ye, Eye, I, ay, aye, whey, key, quay!
Say aver, but ever, fever, either, leisure, skein, receiver.
Never guess-it is not safe, we say calves, valves, half, but Ralf.
Tarry, granary, canary, revice, but device, and eyrie, ace, but preface,
Then grimace, phlegm, phlegmatic, ass, glass, bass, ass, large, target,
Gin, give, verging, ought, oust, joust, and scour, but scourging;
But earn; and ere and tear do not rhyme with here but heir.
Mind the o of off and often Which may be pronounced as orphan,
With the sound of saw and sauce; Also soft, lost, cloth and cross.
Pudding, puddle, putting. Putting? Yes: at golf it rhymes with shutting.
Respite, spite, consent, resent. Liable, but Parliament.
Seven is right, but so is even, Hyphen, roughen, nephew, Stephen, Monkey,
Donkey, clerk and jerk, Asp, grasp, wasp, demesne, cork, work.
A of valour, vapid vapour, S of news (compare newspaper),
G of gibbet, gibbon, gist, I of antichrist and grist,
Differ like diverse and divers, Rivers, strivers, shivers, fivers.
Once, but nonce, toll, doll, but roll, olish, Polish, poll and poll.
Pronunciation-think of Psyche!- a paling, stout and spiky. Won’t it
Make you lose your wits writing groats and saying “grits”?
It’s a dark abyss or tunnel Strewn with stones like rowlock, gunwale,
Islington, and Isle of Wight, Housewife, verdict and indict.
Don’t you think so, reader, rather, Saying lather, bather, father?
Finally, which rhymes with enough, Though, through, bough, cough,
Hough, sough, tough??
Hiccough has the sound of sup…
